On this day, Frederick I, also known as Frederick Barbarossa because of his red beard, was elected King of Germany in Frankfurt. Three years later he was also crowned King of Italy in Pavia and Holy Roman Emperor. Historians generally consider him among the Holy Roman Empire’s greatest medieval emperors. His longevity, his ambition, his extraordinary skills at organisation, his battlefield acumen, and his political perspicacity, made him appear almost superhuman to his contemporaries. Barbarossa’s leadership was characterised by his ambition to establish a strong and centralised imperial rule, which often put him at odds with the Pope and other European monarchs. Frederick drowned in 1190 while attempting to cross the Saleph river on his way to the Holy Land to fight in the Third Crusade.
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