On this day, the maximum security federal penitentiary on Alcatraz Island, also known simply as Alcatraz, first opened its gates to 137 prisoners from the United States Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kansas. Within a year, the prison had a population of almost 250 prisoners, most of whom were notorious gangsters, bank robbers, counterfeiters, or murderers. The prison was conceived as a last resort prison, designed to hold the worst of the worst who had no hope of rehabilitation, and reports of brutality and inhumane conditions have been registered by a number of former prisoners. The prison’s high security and the island’s location in the cold waters and strong currents of San Francisco Bay, gave Alcatraz the reputation of being escape-proof and America’s most secure prison. Among the prison’s most infamous inmates were Al Capone, Machine Gun Kelly, Robert Stroud, Alvin Karpis and many others. The prison was finally closed on 23rd march 1963.
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