On this day the volcano, Mount Vesuvius, in southern Italy, after about five centuries in a state of quiescence, erupted violently. The explosion caused a giant column of smoke which lasted for about eight hours and showered the entire area with lapilli (solidifying lava fragments from 2 to 64 mm in size) . The following morning there was a violent earthquake, followed by massive lava flows which rapidly destroyed the lush vegetation, vineyards and orchards on the slopes of the volcano and overwhelmed several villages. The final death toll was estimated at around 3000 people.
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