On this day, at Crescent Shipyards in New Jersey, the Irish engineer John Philip Holland, launched the Holland VI, the first submarine that could run submerged for any distance, and the first to combine electric motors for submerged travel and gasoline engines for use on the surface. Considerably earlier, in 1881, Holland had already launched the Fenian Ram before falling out with the Fenians, the Irish revolutionary group that originally financed his project. For the following sixteen years, Holland self-financed his experiments, producing various prototypes before finally launching the Holland VI. After rigorous tests, his invention was bought by the U.S. Navy on April 11, 1900, and was commissioned six months later as the USS Holland.
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