On this day, the ancient city of Byzantium, already serving as the new capital of the Roman Empire under the name of Nova Roma, was renamed Constantinople and dedicated to the Emperor Constantine. Generally considered to be the centre and the ‘cradle of Orthodox Christian civilisation’, from the mid-5th century to the early 13th century, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe. The city was not only famous for its architectural masterpieces, but also for its massive and complex fortifications which proved impenetrable until the armies of the Fourth Crusade devastated the city in 1204. In the early 20th century, the city came under Turkish rule and on 28th March 1930 was officially renamed as Istanbul.
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