Black Friday

18th November 1910

On this day, three hundred women marched to the Houses of Parliament as part of their campaign to secure voting rights for women. The women, led by Emmeline Pankhurst, intended to petition the prime minister Asquith directly, following his decision to dissolve parliament and call a general election. Asquith’s decision was an attempt to resolve a parliamentary impasse, but it meant overriding his electoral promise to introduce a Conciliation Bill which, if passed, would have given the vote to over one million propertied women. Asquith refused to meet the delegation and the protest quickly degenerated when policemen and male bystanders started to manhandle the women, subjecting them to violence and insults, much of which was sexual in nature. The demonstration continued for six hours and earned itself the name “Black Friday” because of the violence meted out to the protesting women.

Suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst Sentenced

3rd April 1913

On this day, the political activist and organiser of the British suffragette movement, Emmeline Pankhurst, was sentenced to three years in prison (she only served four months) for incitement to place an explosive in a building at Walton, Surrey. Pankhurst was the founder of the Women’s Social and Political Union, an organisation dedicated to “deeds, not words”. The WSPU soon became known for organising physical confrontations: smashing windows, assaulting police officers, bombings and arson, and many WSPU activists were sent to prison where they staged hunger strikes to receive better conditions. Although criticised for her militant tactics, Pankhurst’s work is widely recognised as a crucial element in achieving women’s suffrage in the United Kingdom.